Here are my thoughts from 1. today's lesson and 2. the about.com video
Today, we reviewed the section in Chapter 9.1 that specifically discusses the rise of the French monarchy during the Middle Ages.
9.1.1 - Capetians: Hugh Capet, and later others in his dynasty, followed three key steps to gradually build France's power
9.1.2 - Phillip Augustus: made substantial gains for the French monarchy, especially by driving English out of France (ex: Normandy); he was a byzantine (little b) king who was also the driving force behind the Albigensian Crusade.
9.1.3 - Louis IX: St. Louis, who was also a crusader and used his religious beliefs and connections with his countrymen to establish himself as a national hero.
9.1.4 - Conflicts with the Church: France became more independent of Rome, even bullying the pope and moving the papacy to Avignon for a time.
9.1.5 - Estates General - more inclusive of all parts of society, when compared to Parliament, but less powerful. Composed of the clergy, nobles, and commoners.
Video Review: (my focal points are bolded....)
Transcript:Overview of the Hundred Years War
Hello, I'm Zach Toombs and today on About.com, we will be
discussing the Hundred Years War.
Warring Parties in the Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years War, or we might more accurately say, the 116-years war, was a
series of battles that lasted from 1337-1453. The major players were
France and England, and the prize was the French throne, which had been left empty after the last King of the French Capetian dynasty
died.
The French believed that the former king's cousin, Philip of Valois, should be
successor to the throne. The English pressed claim to the throne, with King
Edward III, the former king's nephew. This would give 18-year-old King
Edward III the right to rule both France and England from a single throne.
Though the French themselves were divided about the two candidates, one side quickly rushed to crown Philip of Valois as King, and they attacked King Edward's lands in southwestern France.
English Victories in the Hundred Years War
Fighting over the next several decades proved disastrous for
France, as they lost control over the English Channel, forfeited many great
Knights in the battle of Crecy, and surrendered the town of Calais, giving
England a base in Northern France. Sadly, the "Black Death," a devastating
pandemic, killed one-third of both French and English populations in 1348, complicating fighting on both sides. But, after the English won another
mass victory in 1356, capturing the French King, peace was declared in 1360, and
fighting ceased, for a short time, anyway.
Back and Forth Victories in the Hundred Years War
The tables turned, and the French took control around 1360, driving the English out
of all but Calais and a few other strongholds in France, striking across the
Channel and engaging in savage raids in the 1380's.
But French success did not last, as France was stuck in a civil war, and England took advantage of French divisions invading Normandy, and later conquering the
North and West of France. In 1420, the weakened French King signed a treaty agreeing to English rule over northern France. It allowed the King of England to inherit the crown of France, upon the French King's death, to run the two
countries as a dual kingdom.
Enter Joan of Arc, in 1429, who began to run the English back out of France. Before her capture and execution by fire, she inspired a French revival, and under King Charles the seventh, the remaining English strongholds were seized.
French Victory in the Hundred Years War
Finally, the capture of Bordeaux in 1453, marked an official end
to the One Hundred Years War. While France and England both suffered many
losses and won great victories throughout the years, the overall victory is
overwhelmingly awarded to France.
That's an overview of the Hundred Years War. Thanks for
watching. For more information go to About.com.
Today, we reviewed the section in Chapter 9.1 that specifically discusses the rise of the French monarchy during the Middle Ages.
9.1.1 - Capetians: Hugh Capet, and later others in his dynasty, followed three key steps to gradually build France's power
- tax the lucrative trade network in the Ile de France (Paris)
- establish a bureaucracy that could begin to control the region more effectively
- establish feudal relations that made their power stronger
9.1.2 - Phillip Augustus: made substantial gains for the French monarchy, especially by driving English out of France (ex: Normandy); he was a byzantine (little b) king who was also the driving force behind the Albigensian Crusade.
9.1.3 - Louis IX: St. Louis, who was also a crusader and used his religious beliefs and connections with his countrymen to establish himself as a national hero.
9.1.4 - Conflicts with the Church: France became more independent of Rome, even bullying the pope and moving the papacy to Avignon for a time.
9.1.5 - Estates General - more inclusive of all parts of society, when compared to Parliament, but less powerful. Composed of the clergy, nobles, and commoners.
Video Review: (my focal points are bolded....)
Transcript:Overview of the Hundred Years War
Hello, I'm Zach Toombs and today on About.com, we will be
discussing the Hundred Years War.
Warring Parties in the Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years War, or we might more accurately say, the 116-years war, was a
series of battles that lasted from 1337-1453. The major players were
France and England, and the prize was the French throne, which had been left empty after the last King of the French Capetian dynasty
died.
The French believed that the former king's cousin, Philip of Valois, should be
successor to the throne. The English pressed claim to the throne, with King
Edward III, the former king's nephew. This would give 18-year-old King
Edward III the right to rule both France and England from a single throne.
Though the French themselves were divided about the two candidates, one side quickly rushed to crown Philip of Valois as King, and they attacked King Edward's lands in southwestern France.
English Victories in the Hundred Years War
Fighting over the next several decades proved disastrous for
France, as they lost control over the English Channel, forfeited many great
Knights in the battle of Crecy, and surrendered the town of Calais, giving
England a base in Northern France. Sadly, the "Black Death," a devastating
pandemic, killed one-third of both French and English populations in 1348, complicating fighting on both sides. But, after the English won another
mass victory in 1356, capturing the French King, peace was declared in 1360, and
fighting ceased, for a short time, anyway.
Back and Forth Victories in the Hundred Years War
The tables turned, and the French took control around 1360, driving the English out
of all but Calais and a few other strongholds in France, striking across the
Channel and engaging in savage raids in the 1380's.
But French success did not last, as France was stuck in a civil war, and England took advantage of French divisions invading Normandy, and later conquering the
North and West of France. In 1420, the weakened French King signed a treaty agreeing to English rule over northern France. It allowed the King of England to inherit the crown of France, upon the French King's death, to run the two
countries as a dual kingdom.
Enter Joan of Arc, in 1429, who began to run the English back out of France. Before her capture and execution by fire, she inspired a French revival, and under King Charles the seventh, the remaining English strongholds were seized.
French Victory in the Hundred Years War
Finally, the capture of Bordeaux in 1453, marked an official end
to the One Hundred Years War. While France and England both suffered many
losses and won great victories throughout the years, the overall victory is
overwhelmingly awarded to France.
That's an overview of the Hundred Years War. Thanks for
watching. For more information go to About.com.